Maven Build Tool: From Basics to Production

Master Maven for Java projects. Learn dependency management, build lifecycle, plugins, multi-module projects, and production best practices.

October 6, 2025
25 min read
By Prashant Chaturvedi
Maven Java Build Tool Dependency Management CI/CD DevOps

Maven Build Tool: From Basics to Production

Maven manages Java project builds, dependencies, and documentation. Write a pom.xml file, run mvn clean install, and Maven handles compilation, testing, packaging, and deployment.

Why Maven

Before Maven:

# Download JARs manually
wget https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/junit/junit/4.13.2/junit-4.13.2.jar
wget https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/hamcrest/hamcrest-core/1.3/hamcrest-core-1.3.jar

# Compile with classpath hell
javac -cp ".:lib/junit-4.13.2.jar:lib/hamcrest-core-1.3.jar" src/**/*.java -d target/classes

# Package manually
jar cf myapp.jar -C target/classes .

With Maven:

<dependency>
    <groupId>junit</groupId>
    <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
    <version>4.13.2</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
mvn clean install

Maven downloads dependencies, compiles code, runs tests, packages JAR. Transitive dependencies included automatically.

Installation

Linux/macOS:

# Download
wget https://dlcdn.apache.org/maven/maven-3/3.9.6/binaries/apache-maven-3.9.6-bin.tar.gz

# Extract
tar xzf apache-maven-3.9.6-bin.tar.gz
sudo mv apache-maven-3.9.6 /opt/maven

# Add to PATH
echo 'export M2_HOME=/opt/maven' >> ~/.bashrc
echo 'export PATH=$M2_HOME/bin:$PATH' >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc

Verify:

mvn -version

Output:

Apache Maven 3.9.6
Maven home: /opt/maven
Java version: 17.0.8

Project Structure

Maven enforces standard directory layout:

my-app/
├── pom.xml
└── src/
    ├── main/
    │   ├── java/              # Application code
    │   │   └── com/
    │   │       └── example/
    │   │           └── App.java
    │   └── resources/         # Configuration files
    │       └── application.properties
    └── test/
        ├── java/              # Test code
        │   └── com/
        │       └── example/
        │           └── AppTest.java
        └── resources/         # Test resources
            └── test.properties

Convention over configuration. Maven knows where to find source files without explicit configuration.

Creating a Project

mvn archetype:generate \
  -DgroupId=com.example \
  -DartifactId=my-app \
  -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-quickstart \
  -DarchetypeVersion=1.4 \
  -DinteractiveMode=false

Parameters:

  • groupId: Organization domain reversed (com.example, org.apache)
  • artifactId: Project name (my-app)
  • archetypeArtifactId: Project template (quickstart, webapp, etc.)

Creates project with pom.xml and basic structure.

The POM File

pom.xml (Project Object Model) defines project configuration:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
                             http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>my-app</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <name>My Application</name>
    <description>A sample Maven project</description>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.13.2</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.11.0</version>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

Coordinates

Maven identifies artifacts with GAV coordinates:

<groupId>com.example</groupId>
<artifactId>my-app</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  • groupId: Package namespace
  • artifactId: Project name
  • version: Release version or SNAPSHOT (development)

Together: com.example:my-app:1.0-SNAPSHOT

Packaging

<packaging>jar</packaging>

Options: jar, war, ear, pom, maven-plugin

Determines output artifact type and build lifecycle.

Dependencies

Adding Dependencies

Find artifacts on Maven Central:

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        <version>3.2.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId>
        <artifactId>gson</artifactId>
        <version>2.10.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit-jupiter</artifactId>
        <version>5.10.1</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

Run mvn install to download dependencies to ~/.m2/repository.

Dependency Scopes

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
    <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
    <version>2.0.9</version>
    <scope>compile</scope>  <!-- Default -->
</dependency>

Scopes:

compile: Available in all classpaths (compile, test, runtime). Default scope.

provided: Needed for compilation but provided by runtime (servlet-api, JPA API). Not packaged.

runtime: Not needed for compilation, only runtime (JDBC drivers).

test: Only for test compilation and execution (JUnit, Mockito).

system: Like provided but JAR location specified manually. Avoid this.

import: Only in <dependencyManagement>. Imports dependency management from another POM.

Transitive Dependencies

Maven resolves dependencies of dependencies automatically.

Add Spring Boot starter:

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    <version>3.2.0</version>
</dependency>

Maven pulls:

  • spring-boot-starter-web
  • spring-boot-starter
  • spring-boot
  • spring-core
  • spring-web
  • spring-webmvc
  • jackson-databind
  • tomcat-embed-core
  • … and more

View dependency tree:

mvn dependency:tree

Output:

[INFO] com.example:my-app:jar:1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] \- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web:jar:3.2.0:compile
[INFO]    +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter:jar:3.2.0:compile
[INFO]    |  +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot:jar:3.2.0:compile
[INFO]    |  \- org.springframework:spring-core:jar:6.1.1:compile
[INFO]    +- org.springframework:spring-web:jar:6.1.1:compile
[INFO]    \- org.springframework:spring-webmvc:jar:6.1.1:compile

Dependency Management

Centralize versions in parent POM:

<dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
            <version>3.2.0</version>
            <type>pom</type>
            <scope>import</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>

<dependencies>
    <!-- No version needed - inherited from dependencyManagement -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

Benefits:

  • Single source of truth for versions
  • Consistent versions across modules
  • Easier upgrades

Excluding Transitive Dependencies

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    <version>3.2.0</version>
    <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
    </exclusions>
</dependency>

<!-- Use Jetty instead of Tomcat -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>
    <version>3.2.0</version>
</dependency>

Exclude unwanted transitive dependencies and add replacements.

Build Lifecycle

Maven has three built-in lifecycles: default, clean, site.

Default Lifecycle Phases

mvn clean install

Executes phases in order:

  1. validate: Verify project correctness
  2. compile: Compile source code
  3. test: Run unit tests
  4. package: Package compiled code (JAR/WAR)
  5. verify: Run integration tests
  6. install: Install to local repository
  7. deploy: Deploy to remote repository

Running a phase executes all previous phases. mvn install runs validate → compile → test → package → verify → install.

Clean Lifecycle

mvn clean

Deletes target/ directory, removing compiled classes and artifacts.

Common Commands

mvn clean                    # Delete target/
mvn compile                  # Compile main code
mvn test                     # Compile and run tests
mvn package                  # Create JAR/WAR
mvn install                  # Install to local repo
mvn clean install            # Clean, then install
mvn clean install -DskipTests  # Skip running tests
mvn clean install -Dmaven.test.skip=true  # Skip compiling and running tests

Plugins

Plugins execute tasks during build lifecycle.

Compiler Plugin

<build>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>3.11.0</version>
            <configuration>
                <source>17</source>
                <target>17</target>
                <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
            </configuration>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>

Compiles Java source to bytecode.

Surefire Plugin (Unit Tests)

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>3.2.2</version>
    <configuration>
        <includes>
            <include>**/*Test.java</include>
            <include>**/*Tests.java</include>
        </includes>
    </configuration>
</plugin>

Runs tests during test phase. Fails build if tests fail.

Failsafe Plugin (Integration Tests)

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-failsafe-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>3.2.2</version>
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <goals>
                <goal>integration-test</goal>
                <goal>verify</goal>
            </goals>
        </execution>
    </executions>
</plugin>

Runs integration tests (*IT.java) during verify phase.

JAR Plugin

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>3.3.0</version>
    <configuration>
        <archive>
            <manifest>
                <mainClass>com.example.App</mainClass>
                <addClasspath>true</addClasspath>
            </manifest>
        </archive>
    </configuration>
</plugin>

Creates JAR with main class manifest entry.

Shade Plugin (Fat JAR)

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>3.5.1</version>
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <phase>package</phase>
            <goals>
                <goal>shade</goal>
            </goals>
            <configuration>
                <transformers>
                    <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ManifestResourceTransformer">
                        <mainClass>com.example.App</mainClass>
                    </transformer>
                </transformers>
            </configuration>
        </execution>
    </executions>
</plugin>

Creates executable JAR with all dependencies bundled.

Run: java -jar target/my-app-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar

Properties

Define reusable values:

<properties>
    <java.version>17</java.version>
    <spring.boot.version>3.2.0</spring.boot.version>
    <junit.version>5.10.1</junit.version>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
</properties>

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.boot.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit-jupiter</artifactId>
        <version>${junit.version}</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

Reference with ${property.name}.

System properties:

  • ${java.version}: Java version
  • ${user.home}: User home directory
  • ${project.version}: Project version from POM
  • ${project.basedir}: Project root directory

Essential Maven Commands

Commands you’ll use daily during development:

Build Commands

# Clean build from scratch
mvn clean install

# Quick compile without tests
mvn clean compile

# Package without running tests
mvn clean package -DskipTests

# Skip test compilation and execution (faster)
mvn clean install -Dmaven.test.skip=true

# Run only tests (no compilation)
mvn test

# Run specific test class
mvn test -Dtest=UserServiceTest

# Run specific test method
mvn test -Dtest=UserServiceTest#testCreateUser

# Package and run Spring Boot app
mvn spring-boot:run

Dependency Commands

# Download dependencies without building
mvn dependency:resolve

# Download source JARs (for IDE)
mvn dependency:sources

# Download Javadoc JARs
mvn dependency:resolve -Dclassifier=javadoc

# Show dependency tree
mvn dependency:tree

# Show dependency tree for specific artifact
mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.springframework:spring-core

# Analyze dependencies (find unused/undeclared)
mvn dependency:analyze

# Copy dependencies to target/dependency
mvn dependency:copy-dependencies

# Purge local repository cache for project
mvn dependency:purge-local-repository

# Update all snapshots
mvn clean install -U

# Download dependencies offline (use cached only)
mvn clean install -o

Performance Commands

# Parallel builds (4 threads)
mvn clean install -T 4

# Parallel builds (1 thread per CPU core)
mvn clean install -T 1C

# Build only changed modules (incremental)
mvn clean install -pl :module-name -am

# Build specific module and its dependencies
mvn clean install -pl module-name -am

# Build module without dependencies
mvn clean install -pl module-name

# Resume build from failed module
mvn clean install -rf :failed-module-name

Documentation Commands

# Generate project site with reports
mvn site

# Generate Javadoc
mvn javadoc:javadoc

# Open Javadoc in browser
mvn javadoc:javadoc && open target/site/apidocs/index.html

# Generate test coverage report (with JaCoCo)
mvn clean test jacoco:report

# Generate dependency report
mvn project-info-reports:dependencies

Debug and Troubleshooting

# Verbose output (debug mode)
mvn clean install -X

# Show version and diagnostic info
mvn -version

# Validate POM without building
mvn validate

# Display effective POM (with inheritance resolved)
mvn help:effective-pom

# Display effective settings
mvn help:effective-settings

# Describe a plugin
mvn help:describe -Dplugin=compiler

# Describe a plugin goal
mvn help:describe -Dplugin=compiler -Dgoal=compile -Ddetail

# List active profiles
mvn help:active-profiles

# Show all available plugins
mvn help:describe -Dplugin=help

Cleanup Commands

# Clean target directory
mvn clean

# Remove all non-snapshot artifacts from local repo
mvn dependency:purge-local-repository

# Clean and reinstall everything
mvn clean install -U

# Force re-download of snapshots
mvn clean install -U

Multi-Module Commands

# Build all modules
mvn clean install

# Build from root, specific module only
mvn clean install -pl api

# Build module and dependencies
mvn clean install -pl api -am

# Build module and dependents
mvn clean install -pl common -amd

# Build multiple modules
mvn clean install -pl api,web,common

# Skip module during build
mvn clean install -pl '!integration-tests'

Release Commands

# Prepare release (update versions, tag)
mvn release:prepare

# Perform release (build and deploy)
mvn release:perform

# Rollback failed release
mvn release:rollback

# Clean release preparation
mvn release:clean

# Set new version
mvn versions:set -DnewVersion=2.0.0

# Commit version change
mvn versions:commit

# Revert version change
mvn versions:revert

Quick Reference

Daily Development:

mvn clean install -DskipTests    # Fast build, skip tests
mvn test                         # Run tests only
mvn spring-boot:run              # Run Spring Boot app
mvn dependency:tree              # Check dependencies

Before Commit:

mvn clean verify                 # Full build with tests
mvn dependency:analyze           # Check for issues

Performance Builds:

mvn clean install -T 1C -DskipTests    # Parallel, no tests
mvn clean install -o -DskipTests       # Offline, no tests

Troubleshooting:

mvn clean install -U -X          # Force update, debug output
mvn dependency:purge-local-repository  # Clear cache

Profiles

Profiles customize builds for different environments:

<profiles>
    <profile>
        <id>dev</id>
        <activation>
            <activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>
        </activation>
        <properties>
            <env>development</env>
            <db.url>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/dev_db</db.url>
        </properties>
    </profile>

    <profile>
        <id>prod</id>
        <properties>
            <env>production</env>
            <db.url>jdbc:mysql://prod-server:3306/prod_db</db.url>
        </properties>
        <build>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                    <configuration>
                        <debug>false</debug>
                        <optimize>true</optimize>
                    </configuration>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
    </profile>
</profiles>

Activate profile:

mvn clean install -Pprod

Multiple profiles:

mvn clean install -Pdev,integration-tests

Multi-Module Projects

Organize related projects:

parent/
├── pom.xml              # Parent POM
├── common/
│   ├── pom.xml
│   └── src/
├── api/
│   ├── pom.xml
│   └── src/
└── web/
    ├── pom.xml
    └── src/

Parent POM

<project>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>parent</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>

    <modules>
        <module>common</module>
        <module>api</module>
        <module>web</module>
    </modules>

    <properties>
        <java.version>17</java.version>
        <spring.boot.version>3.2.0</spring.boot.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.boot.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
</project>

Child POM

<project>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <parent>
        <groupId>com.example</groupId>
        <artifactId>parent</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>

    <artifactId>api</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- Reference sibling module -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.example</groupId>
            <artifactId>common</artifactId>
            <version>${project.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Version inherited from parent -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

Build all modules:

cd parent
mvn clean install

Build single module:

cd parent/api
mvn clean install

Repositories

Maven downloads dependencies from repositories.

Central Repository

Default repository at https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/

No configuration needed.

Custom Repositories

<repositories>
    <repository>
        <id>spring-milestones</id>
        <name>Spring Milestones</name>
        <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
    </repository>
</repositories>

Deploy to Repository

<distributionManagement>
    <repository>
        <id>releases</id>
        <url>https://nexus.example.com/repository/maven-releases/</url>
    </repository>
    <snapshotRepository>
        <id>snapshots</id>
        <url>https://nexus.example.com/repository/maven-snapshots/</url>
    </snapshotRepository>
</distributionManagement>

Configure credentials in ~/.m2/settings.xml:

<settings>
    <servers>
        <server>
            <id>releases</id>
            <username>admin</username>
            <password>admin123</password>
        </server>
        <server>
            <id>snapshots</id>
            <username>admin</username>
            <password>admin123</password>
        </server>
    </servers>
</settings>

Deploy:

mvn clean deploy

Best Practices

Version Management

Use properties for version consistency:

<properties>
    <spring.version>6.1.1</spring.version>
    <jackson.version>2.16.0</jackson.version>
</properties>

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

Dependency Analysis

Find unused dependencies:

mvn dependency:analyze

Output:

[WARNING] Unused declared dependencies found:
[WARNING]    com.google.guava:guava:jar:32.1.3-jre:compile
[WARNING] Used undeclared dependencies found:
[WARNING]    org.slf4j:slf4j-api:jar:2.0.9:compile

Lock Down Plugin Versions

Avoid build inconsistency:

<build>
    <pluginManagement>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.11.0</version>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.2.2</version>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </pluginManagement>
</build>

Clean Local Repository

Remove corrupted artifacts:

rm -rf ~/.m2/repository
mvn clean install

Force update:

mvn clean install -U

Parallel Builds

Speed up multi-module builds:

mvn clean install -T 4    # Use 4 threads
mvn clean install -T 1C   # One thread per CPU core

Production Configuration

Spring Boot Application

<project>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>3.2.0</version>
    </parent>

    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>my-service</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0</version>

    <properties>
        <java.version>17</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

Build:

mvn clean package
java -jar target/my-service-1.0.0.jar

CI/CD Integration

GitHub Actions:

name: Maven Build

on: [push, pull_request]

jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
      - uses: actions/setup-java@v3
        with:
          java-version: '17'
          distribution: 'temurin'
          cache: 'maven'
      - name: Build with Maven
        run: mvn clean verify

Jenkins:

pipeline {
    agent any
    tools {
        maven 'Maven 3.9.6'
        jdk 'JDK 17'
    }
    stages {
        stage('Build') {
            steps {
                sh 'mvn clean package'
            }
        }
        stage('Test') {
            steps {
                sh 'mvn test'
            }
        }
    }
}

Troubleshooting

Dependency Conflicts

mvn dependency:tree -Dverbose

Shows all dependencies and conflicts. Exclude unwanted versions.

Build Fails After Dependency Update

mvn clean install -U    # Force update

Out of Memory

Increase heap size:

export MAVEN_OPTS="-Xmx2048m -XX:MaxPermSize=512m"
mvn clean install

Cannot Download Dependencies

Check ~/.m2/settings.xml for proxy configuration:

<settings>
    <proxies>
        <proxy>
            <id>company-proxy</id>
            <active>true</active>
            <protocol>http</protocol>
            <host>proxy.example.com</host>
            <port>8080</port>
        </proxy>
    </proxies>
</settings>

Summary

Maven standardizes Java project builds:

  • Convention over configuration: Standard directory layout
  • Dependency management: Automatic transitive resolution
  • Build lifecycle: Consistent phases (compile, test, package, install)
  • Plugins: Extensible build tasks
  • Multi-module projects: Organize related modules
  • Profiles: Environment-specific builds
  • Repository integration: Deploy artifacts to central repos

Master these concepts and you’ll manage Java projects efficiently from development through production.